Dental trauma is a public health problem because of its high prevalence rates and treatment costs and for affecting mainly younger individuals. Aim This cross-sectional study aimed to investigate the variables associated with dental trauma and its influence on oral health-related quality of life among 7th-grade students of public elementary schools. Methods The data was collected with semi-structured and self-administered questionnaires and an intraoral clinical examination (n = 204). The variables collected regarded dental trauma, lip coverage, overjet, oral health-related quality of life (Child Perceptions Questionnaire - CPQ11-14 ISF: 8), and sociodemographic profile. Association tests and the Mann-Whitney test were performed at a 5% significance level. Results Dental trauma occurred in 12.3% of students, 94.6% had adequate lip coverage, and the mean overjet was 2.7 mm (±2.0). Sex was the only variable with a statistically significant association with dental trauma (p = 0.021). There was no statistically significant difference in the CPQ11-14 ISF: 8 score between students with and without dental trauma (p = 0.136). Conclusions Dental trauma was significantly associated with sex and did not impact the oral health-related quality of life of the students.

Abstract Researchers, veterinarians, and farmers' pursuit of a consistent diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of uterine diseases remains challenging. The diagnosis and treatment of metritis is inconsistent, a concerning situation when considered the global threat of antimicrobial resistance dissemination. Endometritis is an insidious disease absent on routine health programs in many dairy farms and from pharmaceutical therapeutics arsenal in places like the US market. Conversely, a multitude of studies advanced the understanding of how uterine diseases compromise oocyte, follicle, and embryo development, and the uterine environment having long-lasting effects on fertility. The field of uterine disease microbiome also experienced tremendous progress and created opportunities for the development of novel preventives to improve the management of uterine diseases. Activity monitors, biomarkers, genomic selection, and machine learning predictive models are other innovative developments that have been explored in recent years to help mitigate the negative impacts of uterine diseases. Albeit novel tools such as vaccines for metritis, immune modulators, probiotics, genomic selection, and selective antimicrobial therapy are promising, further research is warranted to implement these technologies in a systematic and cost-effective manner.

RESUMO Introdução: O treinamento cardiorrespiratório intervalado de alta intensidade (high-intensity interval training, HIT) tem sido utilizado como alternativa ao treinamento cardiorrespiratório contínuo de intensidade submáxima e duração prolongada. Objetivo: Propor um protocolo de HIT utilizando corrida em esteira e verificar a influência de seis sessões de HIT com esse protocolo sobre os limiares anaeróbios ventilatórios (LAVs) e o padrão de oxidação de substratos durante o exercício contínuo de intensidade submáxima (ECIS). Métodos: Quinze indivíduos irregularmente ativos foram submetidos, antes e após seis sessões de HIT com corrida em esteira, a teste progressivo máximo para determinação do pico de consumo de oxigênio (VO2pico), velocidade de pico (Vpico) e LAVs seguidos de ECIS para determinação das taxas de oxidação de lipídios (LIPox) e carboidratos (CHOox). As sessões de HIT eram compostas por oito séries de 60 segundos a 100%Vpico com 75 segundos de recuperação passiva entre as séries e com 48 horas de intervalo entre as sessões. Resultados: Observaram-se aumentos das intensidades de ocorrência dos LAVs (4,4% para LAV1 e 8,8% para LAV2), redução de 12,8% de CHOox e aumento de 23,7% de LIPox; como consequência, a energia relativa derivada de LIPox apresentou-se 20,3% maior após o período de treinamento. A Vpico foi de ~15 km/h, promovendo intensidades correspondentes a ~84%VO2pico e ~91%FCpico ao longo do período de treinamento. Conclusão: O protocolo proposto promoveu adaptações e intensidades similares às descritas na literatura; porém, ao contrário de outros, é passível de aplicação em indivíduos irregularmente ativos. Nível de Evidência II; Estudo prospectivo comparativo.

ABSTRACT Introduction: High-intensity interval training (HIT) has been used as an alternative to cardiorespiratory training performed continuously at submaximal intensity and over long periods. Objectives: Propose a treadmill HIT protocol and verify the influence of six HIT sessions with this protocol on ventilatory anaerobic thresholds (VATs) and substrate oxidation pattern during submaximal continuous exercise (SCE). Methods: Fifteen sporadically active subjects underwent maximal progressive testing before and after six HIT treadmill running sessions to determine peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak), peak velocity (Vpeak), and VATs followed by SCE to determine lipid (LIPox) and carbohydrate (CHOox) oxidation rates. The HIT sessions consisted of eight sets of 60s at 100%Vpeak, interspersed with 75s of passive recovery between sets and a 48h interval between sessions. Results: Our results showed increases in VAT intensities of 4.4% for VAT1 and 8.8% for VAT2, a decrease of 12.8% in CHOox and an increase of 23.7% for LIPox; accordingly, the relative energy derived from LIPox was 20.3% higher after the training period. Vpeak was ~15 km/h, producing intensities corresponding to ~84%VO2peak and ~91%FCpeak over the training period. Conclusion: The proposed protocol produced adaptations and intensities which are similar to those described in the literature, but unlike others, it can be applied in sporadically active individuals. Level of Evidence II; Comparative prospective study.

RESUMEN Introducción: El entrenamiento cardiorrespiratorio intermitente de alta intensidad (high-intensity interval training, HIT) ha sido utilizado como alternativa al entrenamiento cardiorrespiratorio continuo de intensidad submáxima y duración prolongada. Objetivo: Proponer un protocolo de HIT utilizando carrera en cinta y verificar la influencia de seis sesiones de HIT con ese protocolo sobre los umbrales anaeróbicos ventilatorios (UAVs) y el patrón de oxidación de substratos durante el ejercicio continuo de intensidad submáxima (ECIS). Métodos: Quince individuos irregularmente activos fueron sometidos, antes y después de seis sesiones de HIT con carrera en cinta, a test progresivo máximo para determinación del pico de consumo de oxígeno (VO2pico), velocidad de pico (Vpico) y UAVs seguidos de ECIS para determinación de las tasas de oxidación de lípidos (LIPox) y carbohidratos (CHOox). Las sesiones de HIT eran compuestas por ocho series de 60 segundos a 100%Vpico con 75 segundos de recuperación pasiva entre las series y con 48 horas de intervalo entre las sesiones. Resultados: Se observaron aumentos de las intensidades de ocurrencia de los UAVs (4,4% para UAV1 y 8,8% para UAV2), reducción de 12,8% de CHOox y aumento de 23,7% de LIPox; como consecuencia, la energía relativa derivada de LIPox se presentó 20,3% mayor después del período de entrenamiento. La Vpico fue de ~15 km/h, promoviendo intensidades correspondientes a ~84%VO2pico e ~91%FCpico a lo largo del período de entrenamiento. Conclusión: El protocolo propuesto promovió adaptaciones e intensidades similares a las descritas en la literatura; sin embargo, al contrario de otros, es pasible de aplicación en individuos irregularmente activos. Nivel de Evidencia II; Estudio prospectivo comparativo.

ABSTRACT: This study assessed the risk exposure of the production system of a typical farm in southern Brazil. Five possible production systems were analyzed, combining three crops (soybeans, corn seasons and wheat) in different crop-year combinations, for example: “Summer soybeans followed by corn” and “Autumn corn followed by winter wheat”. Five different production systems were created based on the intensity of land use for each of the crops. Primary data were collected from a typical farm in the producing region over eight seasons (2006/07 to 2013/14). The Monte Carlo simulation technique was used to evaluate negative Net Operating Revenue (NOR) risk. The results showed that the production system with soybean and first season corn had a higher NOR and lower risk when compared with the other four production systems, which intensified the land use in the second season. When the production system had a higher rate of corn and/or wheat, the NOR and the risk to the production system increased for the first or second crop. Both corn and wheat in the second crop increased the risk to the production system on the typical farm in Cascavel, in the state of Parana (PR).

Resumo: Em 2015, no ápice do fluxo migratório, um quarto das pessoas que chegaram à União Europeia pleiteando refúgio eram crianças que procuravam guarida e melhores condições para o desenvolvimento de suas capacidades humanas. A pesquisa indagou se o ordenamento jurídico comunitário está preparado para garantir às crianças migrantes o acesso à educação - para que atinjam a plena capacidade cognitiva e possam desfrutar das melhores oportunidades de crescimento. A análise constatou garantias de acesso à educação de qualidade fixadas em normas vinculantes celebradas no âmbito da UE, prevendo que crianças refugiadas sejam amparadas desde a acolhida até a possível devolução ao país de origem. Por fim, percebeu-se que, mesmo de modo um pouco mais deficiente, o direito à educação também é assegurado às crianças em situação de irregularidade migratória.

Resumen: En 2015, en el ápice del flujo migratorio, una cuarta parte de las personas que llegaron a la Unión Europea pleiteando refugio eran niños que buscaban guarida y mejores condiciones para el desarrollo de sus capacidades humanas. La pesquisa investigó si el ordenamiento jurídico comunitario está preparado para garantizar a los niños migrantes el acceso a la educación, para que alcancen la plena capacidad cognitiva y puedan disfrutar de las mejores oportunidades de crecimiento. El análisis constató garantías de acceso a la educación de calidad fijadas en normas vinculantes celebradas en el marco de la UE, previendo que los niños refugiados sean amparados desde la acogida hasta la posible devolución al país de origen. Por último, se percibió que, aun de modo un poco más deficiente, el derecho a la educación también se asegura a los niños en situación de irregularidad migratoria.

Since the times of Galileo, it is well-known that a simple pendulum oscillates harmonically for any sufficiently small angular amplitude. Beyond this regime and in absence of dissipative forces, the pendulum period increases with amplitude and then it becomes a nonlinear system. Here in this work, we make use of Fourier series to investigate the transition from linear to nonlinear oscillations, which is done by comparing the Fourier coefficient of the fundamental mode (i.e., that for the small-angle regime) to those corresponding to higher frequencies, for angular amplitudes up to 9 0 ∘. Contrarily to some previous works, our results reveal that the pendulum oscillations are not highly anharmonic for all angular amplitudes. This kind of analysis for the pendulum motion is of great pedagogical interest for both theoretical and experimental classes on this theme.

The carbon dioxide electrocatalytic reduction is central for the development of regenerative cycles of electrochemical energy conversion and storage. Herein, the gaseous products of the CO2 electroreduction were monitored by using an electrochemical cell on line coupled to a differential electrochemical mass spectrometer (DEMS), aiming at searching for electrocatalysts with high selectivity for CO formation. The results showed that, among the studied materials, the Cu4Sn/C alloy nanoparticles were stable during potentiostatic polarizations as revealed by in situ X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS), and the on line DEMS measurements showed the production of CO, suppression of methane and ethylene formations, and diminishing of the hydrogen evolution reaction, in relation to that on pure Cu2O-Cu/C. The faradaic efficiencies for CO formation were 13 and 23% for Cu4Sn/C and Au/C (a known electrocatalyst for CO), respectively, determined by experiments of in line gas chromatography (GC). The selectivity of Cu4Sn/C for CO formation was ascribed to the role of Sn atoms on stabilizing adsorbed HCOO intermediates, and hindering further hydrogenation, letting CO free for desorption. These results are expected to be used as a guide for further development of electrocatalysts with a fine-tuning of composition for increasing the faradaic efficiency of CO2 electroreduction to CO.

With the increase in demand to Backbone networks, one became fundamental the application of new telecommunication technologies for efficient use of devices and optical links, such as xPSK modulations with dual polarization, dispersion compensating fibers, coherent detection and digital processing signals. Thus, network planning using analytical models have been proposed in the last years for this purpose. In this paper we propose the use of numerical simulations in wavelength-division multiplexing networks planning via a novel iterative method with high-performance processing, which does an analysis of the quality of transmission in transparent networks.

MnCo2O4/Au was investigated as an electrocatalyst for the oxygen reduction and evolution in alkaline media. Polarization curves showed an unprecedented activity for the oxygen reduction due to a synergistic effect between MnCo2O4 and Au, involving CoII/CoIII-MnIII/MnIV, as revealed by in situ X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES). Additionally, results showed favorable interaction between the oxide and Au, which enhanced the activity for the oxygen evolution reaction.

Neste trabalho foi estudado o efeito da composição e tratamento térmico em H2, de materiais de Pt-Rh/C com proporções atómicas Pt:Rh de 3:1, 1:1 e 1:3 e 40% em massa de metal com relação a carbono, para a oxidação de COads e a oxidação de etanol. Os catalisadores foram preparados utilizando redução química com ácido fórmico e caracterizados fisicamente pelas técnicas de energia dispersiva de raios-X (EDX), retroespalhamento de elétron (EBS) e microscopia eletrônica de transmissão (TEM), mostrando relações Pt:Rh muito próxima às previstas, tamanhos de partícula médios similares e uma apropriada distribuição do metal sobre o suporte de carbono na micro e nano escala. Experimentos de voltametria cíclica mostraram um enriquecimento da superfície em Pt, devido à instabilidade termodinámica do sistema na temperatura experimental. A normalização das correntes foi feitas utilizando a carga de dessorção oxidativa de CO permitindo observar as diferenças entre os níveis atuais gerados exclusivamente pelos efeitos eletrônicos do Rh na Pt. O tratamento térmico dos catalisadores de Pt-Rh em uma atmosfera de H2, mostrou grande estabilidade dos materiais e também um notório incremento nos níveis de corrente para as reações de eletro-oxidação de CO e etanol. Isto sugere a necessidade de melhor explorar os efeitos dos tratamentos térmicos na eletrocatálise da reação de oxidação do etanol.

In this work we studied the effect of the composition and thermal treatment in H2 of Pt-Rh/C materials with atomic ratios close to Pt:Rh 3:1, 1:1 and 1:3 and metal loading of 40 wt. %, for the COads and ethanol oxidation. Catalysts were prepared by chemical reduction with formic acid and physically characterized by energy dispersive X-rays spectroscopy (EDX), electron backscattering (EBS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), showing Pt:Rh ratios close to the nominals values, similar average particle sizes and an appropriated distributions of metal on carbon support at micro and nano scale. Cyclic voltammetry experiments showed a surface enriched in Pt due to the termodinamically unstable Pt-Rh system at the experimental temperature. The currents were normalized using the charge of oxidative desorption of CO allowing to observe differences among the current levels generated exclusively by the Rh electronic effects on the Pt. The thermal treatments of the Pt-Rh catalysts in a hydrogen atmosphere showed greater stability of the materials and notorious increases of the current levels for CO and ethanol electro-oxidation reactions. This suggests the necessity of better exploring the effects of thermal treatments in the electrocatalysis of the ethanol oxidation reaction.

In this paper, we propose a hybrid methodology based on Graph-Coloring and Genetic Algorithm (GA) to solve the Wavelength Assignment (WA) problem in optical networks, impaired by physical layer effects. Our proposal was developed for a static scenario where the physical topology and traffic matrix are known a priori. First, we used fixed shortest-path routing to attend demand requests over the physical topology and the graph-coloring algorithm to minimize the number of necessary wavelengths. Then, we applied the genetic algorithm to solve WA. The GA finds the wavelength activation order on the wavelengths grid with the aim of reducing the Cross-Phase Modulation (XPM) effect; the variance due to the XPM was used as a function of fitness to evaluate the feasibility of the selected WA solution. Its performance is compared with the First-Fit algorithm in two different scenarios, and has shown a reduction in blocking probability up to 37.14% when considered both XPM and residual dispersion effects and up to 71.42% when only considered XPM effect. Moreover, it was possible to reduce by 57.14% the number of wavelengths.

O estudo avaliou, na intensidade de 100% da velocidade crítica (VC), o comportamento de concentração de lactato sanguíneo ([LA]), esforço percebido (EP), frequência cardíaca (FC), concentrações plasmáticas de triptofano [TRP], de prolactina ([PRL]) e de ácidos graxos livres ([AGL]). Catorze nadadores realizaram dois protocolos distintos: 1) repetições de 200 e 400 m, em máxima intensidade (V200 e V400) para a determinação da VC; 2) série VC (repetições de 400 m), com intervalos de 40 s. Os principais resultados foram: (1) [TRP] e [AGL] não apresentaram diferenças entre repouso e exaustão (p > 0,05); (2) aumento da [PRL], da [LA], da FC e do EP (p < 0,05) ao longo da série VC. Assim o aumento da [PRL] pode indicar manifestação de fadiga central na intensidade correspondente à VC.

The study assessed, at the intensity of 100% of the critical speed (CS), the behavior of blood lactate concentration ([La]), rating of perceived exertion (RPE), heart rate (HR), plasma concentrations of tryptophan [TRP] of prolactin ([PRL]) and free fatty acids ([FFA]). Fourteen swimmers performed two protocols: 1) trials of 200 and 400 m at maximum intensity (V200 and V400) for the CS, 2) CS series (trials of 400 m), and rest intervals of 40 s. The main results were: (1) [TRP] and [FFA] did not differ between rest and exhaustion (p> 0.05), (2) increased [PRL], the [La], HR and RPE (p <0.05) throughout the series CS. Thus the increase in [PRL] may indicate manifestation of central fatigue in intensity corresponding to the CS.

Este estudio evaluó, en la intensidad del 100% de la velocidad crítica (CV), el comportamiento de la concentración de lactato en la sangre ([LA]), esfuerzo percibido (PE), frecuencia cardíaca (FC), concentración plasmática de triptófano [TRP], prolactina ([PRL]) y de ácidos grasos libres ([AGL]). Catorce nadadores realizaron dos protocolos: 1) repeticiones de 200 y 400 m en máxima intensidad (V200 y V400) para la determinación de la CV, 2) serie VC (repeticiones de 400 m), con intervalos de 40 s. Los principales resultados fueron: (1) [TRP] y [FFA] no fueran diferentes entre el descanso y el agotamiento (p> 0,05), (2) mayores [PRL], [LA], FC y EP (p <0,05) a lo largo de la serie VC. Por lo tanto, el aumento de [PRL] pude indicar manifestación de fatiga central en la intensidad correspondiente a la VC.